List of current cardinals
Cardinals are senior members of the clergy of the Catholic Church. They are almost always bishops and generally hold important roles within the church, such as leading prominent archdioceses or heading dicasteries within the Roman Curia. Cardinals are created in consistories by the pope, and one of their foremost duties is the election of a new pope – invariably from among their number, although not strictly a requirement – when the Holy See is vacant (sede vacante), following the death or resignation of the reigning pontiff. The body of all cardinals is collectively known as the College of Cardinals.
Under current ecclesiastical law, as defined by the apostolic constitution Universi Dominici gregis, only cardinals who have not passed their 80th birthdays on the day on which the Holy See becomes vacant are eligible to participate in a papal conclave to elect a new pope. The same apostolic constitution also specifies a maximum of 120 cardinal electors who can participate in a conclave, but makes no provision in case this number is exceeded; this has often happened, although never at the time of a conclave. Cardinals may also be created in pectore ('in the breast'), in which case their identities are not publicly revealed by the pope; they do not enjoy the privileges of a cardinal until their names are published. The creations of any such cardinals who have not been revealed at the pope's death or resignation automatically lapse.
As of 2 June 2023, there are 222 cardinals, 121 of whom are cardinal electors. The most recent consistory for the creation of cardinals was held on 27 August 2022, when Pope Francis created 20 cardinals, including 16 cardinal electors. Crescenzio Sepe was the most recent cardinal elector to turn 80, on 2 June 2023; and Giuseppe Versaldi will be the next cardinal elector to turn 80, on 30 July 2023. The most recent death of a cardinal was that of Geraldo Majella Agnelo, on 26 March 2023, at the age of 89.
Cardinals
The College of Cardinals is divided into three orders, with formal precedence in the following sequence:
- Cardinal bishops (CB): the six cardinals who are assigned the titles of the seven suburbicarian dioceses in the vicinity of Rome by the pope, plus a few other cardinals who have been exceptionally co-opted into the order, as well as patriarchs who head one of the Eastern Catholic Churches. The two most senior cardinal bishops, who are elected by the cardinal bishops from among themselves (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs) and approved by the pope, are the dean and the vice dean, currently Giovanni Battista Re and Leonardo Sandri, respectively. The latter is also the senior cardinal bishop among the cardinal electors.
- Cardinal priests (CP): bishops typically in charge of dioceses around the world, as well as former cardinal deacons who have opted to be elevated to the order. The most senior cardinal priest is the protopriest, currently Michael Michai Kitbunchu; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal priest is Vinko Puljić.
- Cardinal deacons (CD): bishops who work in the Roman Curia or the diplomatic service of the Holy See, and all other clergy, including priests who have been granted a dispensation not to be consecrated a bishop. They have the choice (Latin: optatio) of opting to become cardinal priests after having been cardinal deacons for ten years. The most senior cardinal deacon is the protodeacon, currently Renato Martino; among the cardinal electors, the senior cardinal deacon is James Michael Harvey and the junior cardinal deacon is Fernando Vérgez Alzaga.
For cardinal bishops (excluding the Eastern Catholic patriarchs), the dean is first in precedence, followed by the vice-dean and then, in order of appointment as cardinal bishops, by the remainder. For cardinal bishops who are Eastern Catholic patriarchs, for cardinal priests and for cardinal deacons, precedence is determined by the date of the consistory in which they were created cardinals and then by the order in which they appeared in the official announcement or bulletin.
All cardinals listed are members of the Latin Church unless otherwise stated. Cardinals belonging to institutes of consecrated life or to societies of apostolic life are indicated by the relevant post-nominal letters.
* Cardinals ineligible to participate in a papal conclave
| Rank | Name | Country | Born | Order | Consistory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Giovanni Battista Re* | Italy | 30 January 1934
(age 89) |
CB | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 2 | Leonardo Sandri | Argentina | 18 November 1943
(age 79) |
CB | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 3 | Francis Arinze* | Nigeria | 1 November 1932
(age 90) |
CB | 25 May 1985
John Paul II |
| 4 | Tarcisio Bertone SDB* | Italy | 2 December 1934
(age 88) |
CB | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 5 | José Saraiva Martins CMF* | Portugal | 6 January 1932
(age 91) |
CB | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 6 | Pietro Parolin | Italy | 17 January 1955
(age 68) |
CB | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 7 | Marc Ouellet PSS | Canada | 8 June 1944
(age 80 years, 168 days) |
CB | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 8 | Fernando Filoni | Italy | 15 April 1946
(age 77) |
CB | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 9 | Beniamino Stella* | Italy | 18 August 1941
(age 81) |
CB | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 10 | Luis Antonio Tagle | Philippines | 21 June 1957
(age 66) |
CB | 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 11 | Bechara Boutros al-Rahi OMM* | Lebanon | 25 February 1940
(age 83) |
CB | 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 12 | Louis Raphaël I Sako | Iraq | 4 July 1948
(age 75) |
CB | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 13 | Michael Michai Kitbunchu* | Thailand | 25 January 1929
(age 94) |
CP | 2 February 1983
John Paul II |
| 14 | Alexandre do Nascimento* | Angola | 1 March 1925
(age 98) |
CP | 2 February 1983
John Paul II |
| 15 | Thomas Stafford Williams* | New Zealand | 20 March 1930
(age 93) |
CP | 2 February 1983
John Paul II |
| 16 | Paul Poupard* | France | 30 August 1930
(age 92) |
CP | 25 May 1985
John Paul II |
| 17 | Friedrich Wetter* | Germany | 20 February 1928
(age 95) |
CP | 25 May 1985
John Paul II |
| 18 | Nicolás de Jesús López Rodríguez* | Dominican Republic | 31 October 1936
(age 86) |
CP | 28 June 1991
John Paul II |
| 19 | Roger Michael Mahony* | United States | 27 February 1936
(age 87) |
CP | 28 June 1991
John Paul II |
| 20 | Camillo Ruini* | Italy | 19 February 1931
(age 92) |
CP | 28 June 1991
John Paul II |
| 21 | Julius Darmaatmadja SJ* | Indonesia | 20 December 1934
(age 88) |
CP | 26 November 1994
John Paul II |
| 22 | Emmanuel Wamala* | Uganda | 15 December 1926
(age 96) |
CP | 26 November 1994
John Paul II |
| 23 | Adam Maida* | United States | 18 March 1930
(age 93) |
CP | 26 November 1994
John Paul II |
| 24 | Vinko Puljić | Bosnia and Herzegovina | 8 September 1945
(age 77) |
CP | 26 November 1994
John Paul II |
| 25 | Juan Sandoval Íñiguez* | Mexico | 28 March 1933
(age 90) |
CP | 26 November 1994
John Paul II |
| 26 | James Francis Stafford* | United States | 26 July 1932
(age 90) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 27 | Salvatore De Giorgi* | Italy | 6 September 1930
(age 92) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 28 | Antonio María Rouco Varela* | Spain | 20 August 1936
(age 86) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 29 | Polycarp Pengo | Tanzania | 5 August 1944
(age 78) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 30 | Christoph Schönborn OP | Austria | 22 January 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 31 | Norberto Rivera Carrera* | Mexico | 6 June 1942
(age 81) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 32 | Jānis Pujats* | Latvia | 14 November 1930
(age 92) |
CP | 21 February 1998
John Paul II |
| 33 | Sergio Sebastiani* | Italy | 11 April 1931
(age 92) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 34 | Crescenzio Sepe* | Italy | 2 June 1943
(age 80) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 35 | Walter Kasper* | Germany | 5 March 1933
(age 90) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 36 | Pedro Rubiano Sáenz* | Colombia | 13 September 1932
(age 90) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 37 | Audrys Bačkis* | Lithuania | 1 February 1937
(age 86) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 38 | Francisco Javier Errázuriz Ossa ISch* | Chile | 5 September 1933
(age 89) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 39 | Wilfrid Fox Napier OFM* | South Africa | 8 March 1941
(age 82) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 40 | Óscar Rodríguez Maradiaga SDB* | Honduras | 29 December 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 41 | Juan Luis Cipriani Thorne | Peru | 28 December 1943
(age 79) |
CP | 21 February 2001
John Paul II |
| 42 | Julián Herranz Casado* | Spain | 31 March 1930
(age 93) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 43 | Angelo Scola* | Italy | 7 November 1941
(age 81) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 44 | Anthony Olubunmi Okogie* | Nigeria | 16 June 1936
(age 87) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 45 | Gabriel Zubeir Wako* | Sudan | 27 February 1941
(age 82) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 46 | Justin Rigali* | United States | 19 April 1935
(age 88) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 47 | Ennio Antonelli* | Italy | 18 November 1936
(age 86) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 48 | Peter Turkson | Ghana | 11 October 1948
(age 74) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 49 | Telesphore Toppo* | India | 15 October 1939
(age 83) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 50 | Josip Bozanić | Croatia | 20 March 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 51 | Jean-Baptiste Pham Minh Mẫn* | Vietnam | 5 March 1934
(age 89) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 52 | Philippe Barbarin | France | 17 October 1950
(age 72) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 53 | Péter Erdő | Hungary | 25 June 1952
(age 71) |
CP | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 54 | Franc Rodé CM* | Slovenia | 23 September 1934
(age 88) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 55 | Agostino Vallini* | Italy | 17 April 1940
(age 83) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 56 | Gaudencio Borbon Rosales* | Philippines | 10 August 1932
(age 90) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 57 | Jean-Pierre Ricard | France | 25 September 1944
(age 78) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 58 | Antonio Cañizares Llovera | Spain | 15 October 1945
(age 77) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 59 | Seán Patrick O'Malley OFMCap | United States | 29 June 1944
(age 79) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 60 | Stanisław Dziwisz* | Poland | 27 April 1939
(age 84) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 62 | Joseph Zen Ze-kiun SDB* | Hong Kong
(China) |
13 January 1932
(age 91) |
CP | 24 March 2006
Benedict XVI |
| 63 | Giovanni Lajolo* | Italy | 3 January 1935
(age 88) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 64 | Paul Josef Cordes* | Germany | 5 September 1934
(age 88) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 65 | Angelo Comastri | Italy | 17 September 1943
(age 79) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 66 | Stanisław Ryłko | Poland | 4 July 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 67 | Raffaele Farina SDB* | Italy | 24 September 1933
(age 89) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 68 | Seán Brady* | Ireland | 16 August 1939
(age 83) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 69 | Lluís Martínez Sistach* | Spain | 29 April 1937
(age 86) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 70 | André Vingt-Trois* | France | 7 November 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 71 | Angelo Bagnasco* | Italy | 14 January 1943
(age 80) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 72 | Théodore-Adrien Sarr* | Senegal | 28 November 1936
(age 86) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 73 | Oswald Gracias | India | 24 December 1944
(age 78) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 74 | Francisco Robles Ortega | Mexico | 2 March 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 75 | Daniel DiNardo | United States | 23 May 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 76 | Odilo Scherer | Brazil | 21 September 1949
(age 73) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 77 | John Njue | Kenya | 1944
(age 78–79) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 78 | Estanislao Esteban Karlic* | Argentina | 7 February 1926
(age 97) |
CP | 24 November 2007
Benedict XVI |
| 79 | Angelo Amato SDB* | Italy | 8 June 1938
(age 85) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 80 | Robert Sarah | Guinea | 15 June 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 81 | Francesco Monterisi* | Italy | 28 May 1934
(age 89) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 82 | Raymond Leo Burke | United States | 30 June 1948
(age 75) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 83 | Kurt Koch | Switzerland | 15 March 1950
(age 73) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 84 | Mauro Piacenza | Italy | 15 September 1944
(age 78) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 85 | Gianfranco Ravasi* | Italy | 18 October 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 86 | Paolo Romeo* | Italy | 20 February 1938
(age 85) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 87 | Donald Wuerl* | United States | 12 November 1940
(age 82) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 88 | Raymundo Damasceno Assis* | Brazil | 15 February 1937
(age 86) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 89 | Kazimierz Nycz | Poland | 1 February 1950
(age 73) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 90 | Malcolm Ranjith | Sri Lanka | 15 November 1947
(age 75) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 91 | Reinhard Marx | Germany | 21 September 1953
(age 69) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 92 | Walter Brandmüller* | Germany | 5 January 1929
(age 94) |
CP | 20 November 2010
Benedict XVI |
| 93 | Manuel Monteiro de Castro* | Portugal | 29 March 1938
(age 85) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 94 | Santos Abril y Castelló* | Spain | 21 September 1935
(age 87) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 95 | Antonio Maria Vegliò* | Italy | 3 February 1938
(age 85) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 96 | Giuseppe Bertello* | Italy | 1 October 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 97 | Francesco Coccopalmerio* | Italy | 6 March 1938
(age 85) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 98 | João Braz de Aviz | Brazil | 24 April 1947
(age 76) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 99 | Edwin Frederick O'Brien* | United States | 8 April 1939
(age 84) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 100 | Domenico Calcagno* | Italy | 3 February 1943
(age 80) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 101 | Giuseppe Versaldi | Italy | 30 July 1943
(age 79) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 102 | George Alencherry | India | 19 April 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 103 | Thomas Collins | Canada | 16 January 1947
(age 76) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 104 | Dominik Duka OP* | Czech Republic | 26 April 1943
(age 80) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 105 | Willem Jacobus Eijk | Netherlands | 22 June 1953
(age 70) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 106 | Giuseppe Betori | Italy | 25 February 1947
(age 76) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 107 | Timothy Michael Dolan | United States | 6 February 1950
(age 73) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 108 | Rainer Woelki | Germany | 18 August 1956
(age 66) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 109 | John Tong Hon* | Hong Kong
(China) |
31 July 1939
(age 83) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 110 | Lucian Mureșan* | Romania | 23 May 1931
(age 92) |
CP | 18 February 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 111 | Baselios Cleemis | India | 15 June 1959
(age 64) |
CP | 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 112 | John Onaiyekan | Nigeria | 29 January 1944
(age 79) |
CP | 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 113 | Rubén Salazar Gómez* | Colombia | 22 September 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 114 | Vincent Gerard Nichols | United Kingdom | 8 November 1945
(age 77) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 115 | Leopoldo Brenes | Nicaragua | 7 March 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 116 | Gérald Lacroix ISPX | Canada | 27 July 1957
(age 65) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 117 | Jean-Pierre Kutwa | Ivory Coast | 22 December 1945
(age 77) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 118 | Orani João Tempesta OCist | Brazil | 23 June 1950
(age 73) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 119 | Gualtiero Bassetti* | Italy | 7 April 1942
(age 81) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 120 | Mario Aurelio Poli | Argentina | 29 November 1947
(age 75) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 121 | Andrew Yeom Soo-jung | South Korea | 5 December 1943
(age 79) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 122 | Ricardo Ezzati SDB* | Chile | 7 January 1942
(age 81) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 123 | Philippe Nakellentuba Ouédraogo | Burkina Faso | 25 January 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 124 | Orlando Beltran Quevedo OMI* | Philippines | 11 March 1939
(age 84) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 125 | Chibly Langlois | Haiti | 29 November 1958
(age 64) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 126 | Kelvin Edward Felix* | Saint Lucia | 15 February 1933
(age 90) |
CP | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 127 | Manuel José Macário do Nascimento Clemente | Portugal | 16 July 1948
(age 74) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 128 | Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel CM | Ethiopia | 14 July 1948
(age 74) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 129 | John Atcherley Dew | New Zealand | 5 May 1948
(age 75) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 130 | Edoardo Menichelli* | Italy | 14 October 1939
(age 83) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 131 | Pierre Nguyễn Văn Nhơn* | Vietnam | 1 April 1938
(age 85) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 132 | Alberto Suárez Inda* | Mexico | 30 January 1939
(age 84) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 133 | Charles Maung Bo SDB | Myanmar | 29 October 1948
(age 74) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 134 | Francis Xavier Kriengsak Kovithavanij | Thailand | 27 June 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 135 | Francesco Montenegro | Italy | 22 May 1946
(age 77) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 136 | Daniel Fernando Sturla Berhouet SDB | Uruguay | 4 July 1959
(age 64) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 137 | Ricardo Blázquez Pérez* | Spain | 13 April 1942
(age 81) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 138 | José Luis Lacunza Maestrojuán OAR | Panama | 24 February 1944
(age 79) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 139 | Arlindo Gomes Furtado | Cape Verde | 15 November 1949
(age 73) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 140 | Soane Patita Paini Mafi | Tonga | 19 December 1961
(age 61) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 141 | Luis Héctor Villalba* | Argentina | 11 October 1934
(age 88) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 142 | Júlio Duarte Langa* | Mozambique | 27 October 1927
(age 95) |
CP | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 143 | Dieudonné Nzapalainga CSSp | Central African Republic | 14 March 1967
(age 56) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 144 | Carlos Osoro Sierra | Spain | 16 May 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 145 | Sérgio da Rocha | Brazil | 21 October 1959
(age 63) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 146 | Blase Joseph Cupich | United States | 19 March 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 147 | Patrick D'Rozario CSC | Bangladesh | 1 October 1943
(age 79) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 148 | Baltazar Enrique Porras Cardozo | Venezuela | 10 October 1944
(age 78) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 149 | Jozef De Kesel | Belgium | 17 June 1947
(age 76) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 150 | Maurice Piat CSSp* | Mauritius | 19 July 1941
(age 81) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 151 | Carlos Aguiar Retes | Mexico | 9 January 1950
(age 73) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 152 | John Ribat MSC | Papua New Guinea | 9 February 1957
(age 66) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 153 | Joseph William Tobin CSsR | United States | 3 May 1952
(age 71) |
CP | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 154 | Jean Zerbo | Mali | 27 December 1943
(age 79) |
CP | 28 June 2017
Francis |
| 155 | Juan José Omella Omella | Spain | 21 April 1946
(age 77) |
CP | 28 June 2017
Francis |
| 156 | Anders Arborelius OCD | Sweden | 24 September 1949
(age 73) |
CP | 28 June 2017
Francis |
| 157 | Louis-Marie Ling Mangkhanekhoun IVD | Laos | 8 April 1944
(age 79) |
CP | 28 June 2017
Francis |
| 158 | Gregorio Rosa Chávez* | El Salvador | 3 September 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 28 June 2017
Francis |
| 159 | Angelo De Donatis | Italy | 4 January 1954
(age 69) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 160 | Joseph Coutts | Pakistan | 21 July 1945
(age 77) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 161 | António Augusto dos Santos Marto | Portugal | 5 May 1947
(age 76) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 162 | Pedro Ricardo Barreto Jimeno SJ | Peru | 12 February 1944
(age 79) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 163 | Désiré Tsarahazana | Madagascar | 13 June 1954
(age 69) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 164 | Giuseppe Petrocchi | Italy | 19 August 1948
(age 74) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 165 | Thomas Aquino Manyo Maeda | Japan | 3 March 1949
(age 74) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 166 | Toribio Ticona Porco* | Bolivia | 25 April 1937
(age 86) |
CP | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 167 | Ignatius Suharyo Hardjoatmodjo | Indonesia | 9 July 1950
(age 73) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 168 | Juan de la Caridad García Rodríguez | Cuba | 11 July 1948
(age 75) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 169 | Fridolin Ambongo Besungu OFMCap | Democratic Republic of the Congo | 24 January 1960
(age 63) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 170 | Jean-Claude Hollerich SJ | Luxembourg | 9 August 1958
(age 64) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 171 | Álvaro Leonel Ramazzini Imeri | Guatemala | 16 July 1947
(age 75) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 172 | Matteo Zuppi | Italy | 11 October 1955
(age 67) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 173 | Cristóbal López Romero SDB | Morocco | 19 May 1952
(age 71) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 174 | Sigitas Tamkevičius SJ* | Lithuania | 7 November 1938
(age 84) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 175 | Eugenio Dal Corso PSDP* | Angola | 16 May 1939
(age 84) |
CP | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 176 | Antoine Kambanda | Rwanda | 10 November 1958
(age 64) |
CP | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 177 | Wilton Daniel Gregory | United States | 7 December 1947
(age 75) |
CP | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 178 | Jose Advincula OP | Philippines | 30 March 1952
(age 71) |
CP | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 179 | Celestino Aós Braco OFMCap | Chile | 6 April 1945
(age 78) |
CP | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 180 | Augusto Paolo Lojudice | Italy | 1 July 1964
(age 59) |
CP | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 181 | Felipe Arizmendi Esquivel* | Mexico | 1 May 1940
(age 83) |
CP | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 182 | Jean-Marc Aveline | France | 26 December 1958
(age 64) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 183 | Peter Ebere Okpaleke | Nigeria | 1 March 1963
(age 60) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 184 | Leonardo Ulrich Steiner OFM | Brazil | 6 November 1950
(age 72) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 185 | Filipe Neri António Sebastião do Rosário Ferrão | India | 20 January 1953
(age 70) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 186 | Robert Walter McElroy | United States | 5 February 1954
(age 69) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 187 | Virgilio do Carmo da Silva SDB | East Timor | 27 November 1967
(age 55) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 188 | Oscar Cantoni | Italy | 1 September 1950
(age 72) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 189 | Anthony Poola | India | 15 November 1961
(age 61) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 190 | Paulo Cezar Costa | Brazil | 20 July 1967
(age 55) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 191 | William Goh Seng Chye | Singapore | 25 June 1957
(age 66) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 192 | Adalberto Martínez Flores | Paraguay | 8 July 1951
(age 72) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 193 | Giorgio Marengo IMC | Mongolia | 7 June 1974
(age 49) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 194 | Jorge Enrique Jiménez Carvajal CJM* | Colombia | 29 March 1942
(age 81) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 195 | Arrigo Miglio* | Italy | 18 July 1942
(age 80) |
CP | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 196 | Renato Martino* | Italy | 23 November 1932
(age 90) |
CD | 21 October 2003
John Paul II |
| 197 | James Michael Harvey | United States | 20 October 1949
(age 73) |
CD | 24 November 2012
Benedict XVI |
| 198 | Lorenzo Baldisseri* | Italy | 29 September 1940
(age 82) |
CD | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 199 | Gerhard Ludwig Müller | Germany | 31 December 1947
(age 75) |
CD | 22 February 2014
Francis |
| 200 | Dominique Mamberti | France | 7 March 1952
(age 71) |
CD | 14 February 2015
Francis |
| 201 | Mario Zenari | Italy | 5 January 1946
(age 77) |
CD | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 202 | Kevin Farrell | United States | 2 September 1947
(age 75) |
CD | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 203 | Ernest Simoni* | Albania | 18 October 1928
(age 94) |
CD | 19 November 2016
Francis |
| 204 | Luis Ladaria Ferrer SJ | Spain | 19 April 1944
(age 79) |
CD | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 205 | Giovanni Angelo Becciu* | Italy | 2 June 1948
(age 75) |
CD | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 206 | Konrad Krajewski | Poland | 25 November 1963
(age 59) |
CD | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 207 | Aquilino Bocos Merino CMF* | Spain | 17 May 1938
(age 85) |
CD | 28 June 2018
Francis |
| 208 | Miguel Ángel Ayuso Guixot MCCJ | Spain | 17 June 1952
(age 71) |
CD | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 209 | José Tolentino de Mendonça | Portugal | 15 December 1965
(age 57) |
CD | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 210 | Michael Czerny SJ | Canada | 18 July 1946
(age 76) |
CD | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 211 | Michael Fitzgerald MAfr* | United Kingdom | 17 August 1937
(age 85) |
CD | 5 October 2019
Francis |
| 212 | Mario Grech | Malta | 20 February 1957
(age 66) |
CD | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 213 | Marcello Semeraro | Italy | 22 December 1947
(age 75) |
CD | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 214 | Mauro Gambetti OFMConv | Italy | 27 October 1965
(age 57) |
CD | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 215 | Silvano Maria Tomasi CS* | Italy | 12 October 1940
(age 82) |
CD | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 216 | Raniero Cantalamessa OFMCap* | Italy | 22 July 1934
(age 88) |
CD | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 217 | Enrico Feroci* | Italy | 27 August 1940
(age 82) |
CD | 28 November 2020
Francis |
| 218 | Arthur Roche | United Kingdom | 6 March 1950
(age 73) |
CD | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 219 | Lazzaro You Heung-sik | South Korea | 17 November 1951
(age 71) |
CD | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 220 | Fernando Vérgez Alzaga LC | Spain | 1 March 1945
(age 79) |
CD | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 221 | Gianfranco Ghirlanda SJ* | Italy | 5 July 1942
(age 82) |
CD | 27 August 2022
Francis |
| 222 | Fortunato Frezza* | Italy | 6 February 1942
(age 82) |
CD | 27 August 2022
Francis |
Cardinals to be created on 30 September 2023[edit]
On 9 July 2023, Pope Francis announced that 21 cardinals, including 18 cardinal electors, would be created in a consistory to be held on 30 September 2023. The orders to which the appointees will belong are unconfirmed; they are listed here in order of announcement.
| Rank | Name | Country | Born | Age by 30 September | Consistory |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Robert Francis Prevost OSA |  United States
|
14 September 1955 | 68 years, 16 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 2 | Claudio Gugerotti |  Italy
|
7 October 1955 | 67 years, 358 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 3 | Víctor Manuel Fernández | Argentina | 18 July 1962 | 61 years, 74 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 4 | Emil Paul Tscherrig | Switzerland | 3 February 1947 | 76 years, 239 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 5 | Christophe Pierre | France | 30 January 1946 | 77 years, 243 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 6 | Pierbattista Pizzaballa | Palestine | 21 April 1965 | 58 years, 162 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 7 | Stephen Brislin | South Africa | 24 September 1956 | 67 years, 6 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 8 | Ángel Sixto Rossi SJ | Argentina | 11 August 1958 | 65 years, 50 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 9 | Luis José Rueda Aparicio | Colombia | 3 March 1962 | 61 years, 211 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 10 | Grzegorz Ryś | Poland | 9 February 1964 | 59 years, 233 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 11 | Stephen Ameyu Martin Mulla | South Sudan | 10 January 1964 | 59 years, 263 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 12 | José Cobo Cano | Spain | 20 September 1965 | 58 years, 10 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 13 | Protase Rugambwa | Tanzania | 31 May 1960 | 63 years, 122 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 14 | Sebastian Francis | Malaysia | 11 November 1951 | 71 years, 323 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 15 | Stephen Chow Sau-yan SJ | Hong Kong
(China) |
7 August 1959 | 64 years, 50 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 16 | François-Xavier Bustillo OFM Conv | France | 23 November 1968 | 54 years, 311 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 17 | Américo Aguiar | Portugal | 12 December 1973 | 49 years, 292 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 18 | Ángel Fernández Artime SDB | Spain | 21 August 1960 | 63 years, 40 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 19 | Agostino Marchetto* | Italy | 28 August 1940 | 83 years, 33 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 20 | Diego Rafael Padrón Sánchez* | Venezuela | 17 May 1939 | 84 years, 136 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
| 21 | Luis Pascual Dri OFM Cap* | Argentina | 17 April 1927 | 96 years, 166 days | 30 September 2023
Francis |
Demographics of the College of Cardinals[edit]
At present, 121 of 222 cardinals are eligible to participate in a papal conclave. The number of votes required to be elected pope with a two-thirds supermajority, if all 121 cardinal electors were to participate (notwithstanding the maximum of 120 specified in Universi Dominici gregis), would be 81.
This table indicates the number of current cardinals created by each pope and belonging to each order of the College.
| Pope | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. | Name | CB | CP | CD | Total | CB | CP | CD | Total |
| 264 | John Paul II
(1978–2005) |
5 | 42 | 1 | 48 | 1 | 8 | 0 | 9 |
| 265 | Benedict XVI
(2005–2013) |
4 | 59 | 1 | 64 | 3 | 27 | 1 | 31 |
| 266 | Francis
(2013–present) |
3 | 82 | 25 | 110 | 2 | 64 | 15 | 81 |
| Total | 12 | 183 | 27 | 222 | 6 | 99 | 16 | 121 | |
Cardinals by particular church sui iuris[edit]
While most cardinals belong to the Latin Church, which encompasses the vast majority of Catholics, a small number of cardinals belong to one of the twenty-three autonomous (sui iuris) Eastern Catholic Churches. At present, there are six Eastern Catholic cardinals, including four cardinal electors, belonging to six particular churches sui iuris:
- Béchara Boutros Raï (Maronite Church)
- Louis Raphaël I Sako (Chaldean Church), cardinal elector
- George Alencherry (Syro-Malabar Church), cardinal elector
- Lucian Mureșan (Romanian Greek Church)
- Baselios Cleemis Thottunkal (Syro-Malankara Church), cardinal elector
- Berhaneyesus Demerew Souraphiel (Ethiopian Church), cardinal elector
| Particular church sui iuris | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Latin Church (Western) | 216 | 117 | |
| Eastern Churches | Chaldean Church | 1 | 1 |
| Ethiopian Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Maronite Church | 1 | 0 | |
| Romanian Greek Church | 1 | 0 | |
| Syro-Malabar Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Syro-Malankara Church | 1 | 1 | |
| Total | 6 | 4 | |
| Total | 222 | 121 | |
Cardinals by institute of consecrated life or society of apostolic life[edit]
At present, there are 52 cardinals, including 29 cardinal electors, who are members of the religious life, representing 28 institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life. Common names for members, if different, are given in brackets in this table.
| Post-nominal | Institute or society | All cardinals | Cardinal electors |
|---|---|---|---|
| CJM | Congregation of Jesus and Mary (Eudists) | 1 | 0 |
| CM | Congregation of the Mission (Vincentians, Lazarists) | 2 | 1 |
| CMF | Congregation of Missionary Sons of the Immaculate Heart of the Blessed Virgin Mary (Claretians) | 2 | 0 |
| CS | Congregation of the Missionaries of Saint Charles Borromeo (Scalabrinians) | 1 | 0 |
| CSC | Congregation of Holy Cross (Holy Cross Fathers) | 1 | 1 |
| CSSp | Congregation of the Holy Spirit (Holy Ghost Fathers, Spiritans) | 2 | 1 |
| CSsR | Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer (Redemptorists) | 1 | 1 |
| IMC | Institute of Consolata Missionaries | 1 | 1 |
| ISch | Institute of Schönstatt Fathers | 1 | 0 |
| ISPX | Pius X Secular Institute | 1 | 1 |
| IVD | Voluntas Dei Institute | 1 | 1 |
| LC | Congregation of the Legionaries of Christ | 1 | 1 |
| MAfr | Missionaries of Africa (White Fathers) | 1 | 0 |
| MCCJ | Comboni Missionaries of the Heart of Jesus | 1 | 1 |
| MSC | Missionaries of the Sacred Heart | 1 | 1 |
| OAR | Order of Augustinian Recollects | 1 | 1 |
| OCD | Order of Discalced Carmelites | 1 | 1 |
| OCist | Order of Cistercians | 1 | 1 |
| OFM | Order of Friars Minor (Franciscans) | 2 | 1 |
| OFMCap | Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins) | 4 | 3 |
| OFMConv | Order of Friars Minor Conventual (Conventual Franciscans) | 1 | 1 |
| OMI | Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate (Oblates) | 1 | 0 |
| OMM | Mariamite Maronite Order (Aleppians) | 1 | 0 |
| OP | Order of Preachers (Dominicans) | 3 | 2 |
| PSDP | Poor Servants of Divine Providence | 1 | 0 |
| PSS | Society of the Priests of Saint Sulpice (Sulpicians) | 1 | 1 |
| SDB | Society of Saint Francis de Sales (Salesians) | 10 | 4 |
| SJ | Society of Jesus (Jesuits) | 7 | 4 |
| (none) | Secular clergy | 170 | 92 |
| Total | 222 | 121 | |
Cardinals by continent[edit]
For the purposes of this article, countries are grouped into continents generally according to the regions of the United Nations geoscheme; for the region of the Americas, North America comprises the subregions of Northern America, Central America and the Caribbean, while South America comprises the remaining subregion of the same name. Statistics for the global distribution of Catholics are taken from the 2021 edition of the Annuarium Statisticum Ecclesiae (Statistical Yearbook of the Church).
| Continent | All cardinals | Cardinal electors | Percentage of global Catholic population (2021) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | Percentage | Number | Percentage | ||
| Africa | 26 | 11.7% | 16 | 13.2% | 19% |
| North America | 35 | 15.8% | 21 | 17.4% | 21% |
| South America | 24 | 10.8% | 14 | 11.6% | 27% |
| Asia | 31 | 14.0% | 21 | 17.4% | 11% |
| Europe | 102 | 45.9% | 46 | 38.0% | 21% |
| Oceania | 4 | 1.8% | 3 | 2.5% | 1% |
| Total | 222 | 100.0% | 121 | 100.0% | 100% |
Cardinals by country[edit]
At present, 88 countries are represented in the College of Cardinals, including 65 with at least one cardinal elector. The countries with the greatest numbers of cardinals are Italy (forty-seven), the United States (sixteen), and Spain (twelve). Among the cardinal electors, the countries with the greatest numbers are Italy (fifteen), the United States (ten), and Brazil and Spain jointly (six each).
| Country | Continent | All cardinals | Cardinal electors |
|---|---|---|---|
| Albania | Europe | 1 | 0 |
| Angola | Africa | 2 | 0 |
| Argentina | South America | 4 | 2 |
| Austria | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Bangladesh | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Belgium | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Bolivia | South America | 1 | 0 |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Brazil | South America | 8 | 6 |
| Burkina Faso | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Canada | North America | 4 | 4 |
| Cape Verde | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Central African Republic | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Chile | South America | 3 | 1 |
| Colombia | South America | 3 | 0 |
| Cuba | North America | 1 | 1 |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Croatia | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Czech Republic | Europe | 1 | 0 |
| Dominican Republic | North America | 1 | 0 |
| East Timor | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| El Salvador | North America | 1 | 0 |
| Ethiopia | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| France | Europe | 6 | 4 |
| Germany | Europe | 7 | 3 |
| Ghana | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Guatemala | North America | 1 | 1 |
| Guinea | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Haiti | North America | 1 | 1 |
| Honduras | North America | 1 | 0 |
| Hong Kong (China) | Asia | 2 | 0 |
| Hungary | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| India | Asia | 6 | 5 |
| Indonesia | Asia | 2 | 1 |
| Iraq | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Ireland | Europe | 1 | 0 |
| Italy | Europe | 47 | 15 |
| Ivory Coast | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Japan | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Kenya | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| South Korea | Asia | 2 | 2 |
| Laos | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Latvia | Europe | 1 | 0 |
| Lebanon | Asia | 1 | 0 |
| Lithuania | Europe | 2 | 0 |
| Luxembourg | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Madagascar | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Mali | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Malta | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Mauritius | Africa | 1 | 0 |
| Mexico | North America | 6 | 2 |
| Mongolia | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Morocco | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Mozambique | Africa | 1 | 0 |
| Myanmar | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Netherlands | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| New Zealand | Oceania | 2 | 1 |
| Nicaragua | North America | 1 | 1 |
| Nigeria | Africa | 4 | 2 |
| Pakistan | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Panama | North America | 1 | 1 |
| Paraguay | South America | 1 | 1 |
| Papua New Guinea | Oceania | 1 | 1 |
| Peru | South America | 2 | 2 |
| Philippines | Asia | 4 | 2 |
| Poland | Europe | 4 | 3 |
| Portugal | Europe | 5 | 3 |
| Romania | Europe | 1 | 0 |
| Rwanda | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Saint Lucia | North America | 1 | 0 |
| Senegal | Africa | 1 | 0 |
| Singapore | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Slovenia | Europe | 1 | 0 |
| South Africa | Africa | 1 | 0 |
| Spain | Europe | 12 | 6 |
| Sri Lanka | Asia | 1 | 1 |
| Sudan | Africa | 1 | 0 |
| Sweden | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Switzerland | Europe | 1 | 1 |
| Tanzania | Africa | 1 | 1 |
| Thailand | Asia | 2 | 1 |
| Tonga | Oceania | 1 | 1 |
| Uganda | Africa | 1 | 0 |
| United Kingdom | Europe | 3 | 2 |
| United States | North America | 16 | 10 |
| Uruguay | South America | 1 | 1 |
| Venezuela | South America | 1 | 1 |
| Vietnam | Asia | 2 | 0 |
| Total | 222 | 121 | |